Sarah's Garden Week 10: First Tomato and Blossom End Rot
Hellos! This week I picked the first red tomato! As you can see from the picture, it's pretty small for a beefsteak but I picked it because I noticed that the bottom was getting weird...
A little online research revealed that this is called Blossom End Rot because it occurs at the blossom end of the tomato (opposite the stem end, where the tomato is attached to the plant.) Here's a look at the cross section:
From the cross section you can see that I caught this before it got too bad and I was able to just cut off the brown section and eat the rest. For breakfast. The good news is that the rest of the tomato tasted just as I remember: sweet and tangy with that slight acidic bite. And yes, I cut the tomato in half so I could see the rotted part but then I took big bites out of it like I promised I would.
But on to the blossom end rot. As you can see from the article linked above, blossom end rot is caused by a "calcium deficiency induced by water stress." At first I was all like "oh no, my soil needs more calcium!" and started researching how to add calcium to soil. But a lot of things I found claimed that tomatoes don't actually need that much calcium and it is very rare to have calcium-deficient soil. Especially in my case, since this particular tomato was grown in potting soil with compost...potting soil, unlike dirt in the ground, is formulated to have the correct nutrients and while a calcium deficiency is rare in regular dirt from the ground, it is even rarer in potting soil. [This goes out to my friend who, when I told him I needed to buy dirt responded with "Why don't you go buy some air, too?" See? Potting soil is important. But I digress...] The important part of that bolded statement above is the water stress, which means basically uneven watering. Now I'm trying very hard to water a little bit every day but there are factors beyond my control, namely all that rain we got a few weeks ago and temperatures ranging from super hot and dry to cool and overcast during these past few weeks. A lot things that I read also said that blossom end rot tends to happen to the first few tomatoes but should clear up once temperatures start evening out in July and August. Besides the one link above on blossom end rot, which comes from Texas A & M, both Penn State and Ohio State have great agricultural schools with lots of resources on their websites (I am partial to the Penn State HortReport and not only for the rhyming name; here's a particularly good issue on tomato disorders.)
On to the rest of the garden! Above is a picture of a corner of my garden with some of almost every plant I have. From left to right we have: tomatoes, sunflowers (the tallest plants, against the fence), eggplant in the bright blue pot, squash against the slightly mossy fence behind the tomatoes with lots of orange squash blossoms, mint and lemon balm on the far right, then a newly-acquired fig in the bottom right corner and in the middle bottom of the picture, basil. There are obviously lots more tomato (and basil, and eggplant, and squash) plants but this one corner was a pretty good representation of all the plants I have right now. (It is also a good representation of how crowded things are out there.) I'm trying to branch out into more flowers - last weekend I bought a little nasturtium for a dollar at a tag sale in West Philly and I got some shady flower seeds (wait, not shady shady like they're gonna pull a knife on you but shade-loving) so I can have some flowers under the tree.
That's it for this week. I have lots of green tomatoes about ready to turn red so I'll update you all on those next week...hopefully they will be rot-free. I'll leave you with another shot of my basil because I am quite proud of it.
Thanks for reading!
2011 South Philly Food Co-op Board of Directors
- Alison Fritz
- Cassie Plummer
- Erika Owens
- Jay Tarlecki
- Joseph F. Marino
- John C. Raezer
- Josh Richards
- Julia Koprak
- Maria Camoratto
- Mary Beth Hertz
- Stephanie Rupertus
TONIGHT is the Night - First Member-Owner Meeting and Board Elections
- Alison Fritz
- Amy Henson
- Cassie Plummer
- Erika Owens
- Jay Tarlecki
- Joseph F. Marino
- John C. Raezer
- Josh Richards
- Julia Koprak
- Maria Camoratto
- Mary Beth Hertz
- Shani Ferguson
- Stephanie Rupertus
In twenty years many of you may still be around and will probably still remember this first meeting and election. Take part, join the co-op today and become eligible to vote and have a say in how this local food cooperative will be run.
Be a part of history TOMORROW at first ever Membership meeting and Board Elections!
- Alison Fritz
- Amy Henson
- Cassie Plummer
- Erika Owens
- Jay Tarlecki
- Joseph F. Marino
- John C. Raezer
- Josh Richards
- Julia Koprak
- Maria Camoratto
- Mary Beth Hertz
- Shani Ferguson
- Stephanie Rupertus
In twenty years many of you may still be around and will probably still remember this first meeting and election. Take part, join the co-op today and become eligible to vote and have a say in how this local food cooperative will be run.
Sarah's Garden Week 9: Flowers and some pest musings
(Editor’s Note: Due to an unavailable editor AGAIN, Sarah’s column is appearing a day later than its usual Thursday slot. Enjoy – DP)
I can't believe how fast these squash grew. Seems like just yesterday they only had two little leaves each and now look at all these flowers!
And the sunflowers, which I planted at the same time, are now a couple of feet high:
I actually ate a squash blossom salad a few days ago because I knew I was going to be getting a lot of blossoms soon and wanted to see if I liked them. The verdict was that they are delicious but they were also deep fried and stuffed with cheese and isn't anything that's deep fried and stuffed with cheese delicious? They did have a nice delicate squash taste, but I think I'll leave mine on the plants and wait for the squash. These are crook-neck yellow summer squash, by the way.
And other exciting things are happening! Good thing I compulsively take pictures, because now I can show you the progression this past week:
I don't think it's quite ripe enough yet to pick, but I am eagerly awaiting my first taste of homegrown tomato. And don't for a second think that I'm going to cut it up and put it in a salad or on a sandwich or - heaven forbid - cook it...I'm going to bite into that thing like an apple and let the juice run down my chin just like I did when I was a kid. Mmm.
Anyway! There are lots more tomatoes, all green and all different sizes. Some are getting pretty big and some are still just pea-sized. Here's a particularly cute pea-sized one:
And a few larger ones:
The same time that I tried squash blossoms I also tried some fried green tomatoes. I've had fried green tomatoes before and never really liked them, but I would like to like them so I always give them another try. Now apparently I might not appreciate them since I didn't grow up with them and also I've never had them in the South where they are a true delicacy but seriously they just taste like unripe tomatoes to me. And I love tomatoes so much I can't fathom why someone would pick them early to get something that tastes worse but, again, I didn't grow up with them. I should add that these foods were all consumed at Prohibition which has great food and lots of specials for in-season stuff (hence the squash blossom salad and fried green tomatoes.) I will also add that one of my favorite sandwiches in this city (don't ask me to choose one favorite, there are so many!) is the fried tomato special at Chickie's, which is fried red tomatoes instead of green and infinitely better, in my opinion.
But I digress. One last thing I wanted to touch on was pest control. My plants have seemed largely pest-free but I do see holes in the leaves where little bugs have munched. That's okay! The main reason I'm doing this whole gardening thing organically is that one of the best things about nature is the balance: sure, bugs eat plants but bugs also eat other bugs and I'd rather let nature take care of the pests than try to interfere. I don't know if this is that relevant around here, but growing up our neighbors had a bug zapper (or that's what I always called it...one of those bright lights that attracts bugs to it and then kills them with a satisfying zap.) Living in the woods there are lots of mosquitoes so in theory a bug zapper makes sense. Only it doesn't: turns out mosquitoes usually avoid those lights because the lights are ultraviolet and mosquitoes don't care about that. They are more attracted to carbon dioxide and human smells. But slightly bigger bugs - the same ones that live off a steady diet of mosquitoes - are attracted to ultraviolet light and are the main casualty of those lights. So then you end up with more mosquitoes because their natural predators are reduced! Here's an article that explains it a little more scientifically and gives some real evidence. But basically a lot of pest control just ends up disrupting the balance and giving us more pests in the end. My approach has its drawbacks, though: a few days ago I found one of my basil leaves half eaten. I turned over the leaf and there was a caterpillar, munching away. Look, it got a good two-thirds of the leaf:
before I took it rudely away from its snack and threw it over my fence into the alley. But not before taking a picture of the little culprit:
Upon closer inspection, that caterpillar looks like the tent caterpillar kind that I found on our tree last year. Those are no good and kill trees so I probably should have killed it but hopefully it made a nice snack for some bird. We don't seem to have a ton of birds in our yard, so I don't feel too bad about doing the birds' job and killing things like tent caterpillars and - my nemesis - slugs. I have kind of a hatred of slugs (they are ugly and huge here and leave gross trails) and I do not want them anywhere near me. If I were a better person I would probably make myself love them but until that happens I will continue to leave out saucers of beer for them to fall into and drown. Hey, drowning in beer can't be that bad a death, right?
One last thing: my parents came down this past weekend and gave me a great present: water in my garden!
After exploring the dark, scary basement which is accessible by ladder my father found a pipe leading out back with running water! And because he's good with things like this, he attached a spigot to the water pipe outside (I won't go into details on how suffice it to say it involved a blow torch) and that awesome hose was in the basement. Success! Now it is a lot easier to water the plants and I'm sure I'll be spraying myself when it gets really hot out there. Thanks again!
This was longer than planned (isn't that always the way?) but here's a shot of the garden this morning:
See you next week!
Sarah DeGiorgis has lived in Philly for five years and is finally starting to feel like a true Philadelphian, though she still detests cheesesteaks. She enjoys reading, watching bad tv, eating and cooking good food and digging in the dirt. Catch up with her continuing efforts to grow food in South Philly by clicking here.
Thursday Nights Out with the Gold Star Park and the Co-op
Martin's lesson on Homemade Ice Cream
Last summer I bought an $80 Cuisinart Home Ice Cream maker at William’s Sonoma because I had a coupon for 40% off. At the time I thought it could end up being another underutilized kitchen gadget that I bought on an impulse. Little did I know that a year later I would be opening up a small batch, artisanal ice cream business.
I have read pretty much every homemade ice cream book and done a whole lot of experimenting. Making ice cream at home is incredibly fun. It’s limitless and even the clumsiest of home cooks can give it a whirl. Think of it as anti-cooking.
The beauty of ice cream is that with a simple ratio and some guiding principles you can get started with a store bought machine with a very good likelihood for success.
Here’s my basic ratio for your traditional 2-3 quart home ice cream machine. All you need to remember is 4-2-1-1/2 for a custard base.
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4 egg yolks (farm fresh and bright orange, egg yolks are an amazing natural emulsifier, the thing that binds fats and water together making frozen ice crystals taste smooth and creamy – you can bump this up to 6 if you have a lot of other ingredients like rich chocolate or peanut butter)
2 cups cream (the higher the fat content the better 36% is good 40% is better)
1 cup milk (whole is preferable)
½ cup sugar (there are many things that can make things sweeter so start with a half cup only)
The only two techniques you need to consider:
1) The trick to a custard is to temper the egg yolks. Put the 4 egg yolks and sugar in a medium mixing bowl and whisk together. The sugar will help break up the yolks. Bring cream and milk up to a simmer in a pot (don’t boil, don’t microwave). Very slowly drip the hot dairy into the egg yolk while whisking. If you pour too fast then you get scrambled eggs. Pour out about half the pot then return to heat. Then pour the eggs from the bowl back into the pot – very slowly while whisking – that’s called tempering the eggs.
Simmer on low while continually stirring until you get a thick almost pudding like consistency that coats the back of a spoon. This could take up to 10 minutes.
Now that you know how to do this you can do crème catalan, crème brulee, real homemade pudding and a ton of other stuff.
2) Ice cream is a frozen foam. The idea is to freeze air in fat and water. At home you’re limited to how much air and coldness you can treat the custard mix to by the limitations of commercial machines for home use. In other words not much air and not too cold. When you’ve made your custard it must get as cold as possible overnight in a refrigerator. Whisking, blending or immersion blending might add a little bit of air but not much. Basically just stir to make sure everything is consistent before pouring, get that bowl as cold as possible right from the freezer before you start your batch, let it do its thing in the machine for about 20 minutes and get everything in the coldest part of the freezer to harden for a good couple of hours or overnight. From this point on, the ice cream should only get warmer right before you eat it. The more you take it in and out of the freezer the icier it gets. Please don’t ever put ice cream in the microwave or leave it out on the counter. If you’re going to be serving it slowly over the course of the evening leave it in the refrigerator if you need it to be a little softer, just don’t forget to get it back in the freezer as soon as possible.
Tips
-It doesn’t hurt to add a little vanilla extract to everything (even chocolate). Spend the money and buy a real vanilla extract like Nielsen-Massey Bourbon Vanilla.
-Want your ice cream to be softer after hardening? Add sugar or alcohol – both raise the freezing point.
-Honey, agave and anything that’s not sugar is usually sweeter than sugar and may make things too sweet and too soft. So use to taste rather than any prescribed quantity.
-Leave salt out of it. I don’t think it really enhances anything, even chocolates. If you want to go for a saltier, more savory flavor think about something else. Peanut butter and chocolate both usually have some salt in them.
-Steep: you can cold steep teas, coffees, cereals, your favorite candies, vegetables, bubble gum, whatever you want. Put it in some milk for a couple of hours and see what it tastes like, too long and you might start growing something that only scientists would find interesting.
-Inclusions: the best part about homemade machines is you can dump whatever you want into the mix. Just make sure to do it in about the last 30 seconds. Otherwise those cookies or brownies or whatever will get so cold the whole thing will turn into a cement mix and break your machine.
-Acid and dairy don’t mix: almost any fruit juice, even apple juice will make dairy curdle. For acidic fruit flavors look up online how to mix (usually a recommended heat temperature where the two will play along with each other.)
-More water means more ice crystals: generally something you want to avoid. So if you add 2 cups of watermelon juice to your mix don’t expect it to be as smooth and creamy as adding caramel.
-Nuts and chocolates will make things harder so think about something to go with them or add more sugar or a splash of alcohol.
-There are a million and one recipes online but you should really experiment on your own. You’re never going to be able to make Haagen-Daaz style ice cream at home so don’t bother – go straight for animal crackers and figs or whatever else your imagination can think of.
Martin Brown is a musician and arts administrator currently venturing into the ice cream business with Little Baby’s Ice Cream (www.littlebabysicecream.com). Being a Maryland transplant his favorite food is crabs, as a South Philly homeowner his favorite food is anything he grills in his backyard.
Switch Your Energy = Raise Money for the South Philly Food Co-op
- All renewable power is purchased in PA, which means improved air quality for your community and more local jobs.
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- Referral program ends September 30, 2011. Please make the switch before then!
Meet a Committee Member: Mary Rizzo
On which committee do you serve?
Legal and Finance.
What do you do for a living?
Nonprofit management (aka intellectual do-goodery)
How did you get involved with the food co-op?
I moved to the neighborhood less than two years ago with a commitment to becoming involved in some way. I attended a PSCA meeting, at which the co-op organizers presented. Having written about co-ops historically and dreamed for years of being involved with the creation of one, I had to get involved.
Why do you want a food co-op in South Philly?
We're pretty lucky in South Philly with the variety of food that exists in the area--from the Italian Market to the Asian grocery stores. But a co-op to me is much more than a place to buy food. It's about forging community. Back in the 1970s, people thought co-ops would eliminate capitalism. They definitely overestimated their influence, but they had a vision of a less consumerist, more connective lifestyle that is extremely appealing to me and that more people should be aware of.
Why should people join a food co-op?
To get involved in their neighborhood through one of the most basic and powerful human activities--eating!
What is your favorite meal to cook and why?
My cooking exploits occur in phases. While I was in college, I baked and decorated cakes like a madwoman. A couple years ago, I started making bread and was determined to cook my way through Rose Levy Beranbaum's Bread Bible--I've stalled, unfortunately. Lately, I've been doing quick (pesco)vegetarian meals, like asian salmon burgers with slaw or brussel sprout salad with dried cranberries and toasted walnuts (if you want the recipe it's at: http://eatingreading.wordpress.com/brussel-sprout-salad-recipe/ ). But, truly, with so much amazing food to eat in Philadelphia, it's hard to justify cooking..
Sarah's Garden Week 8: Hey, I actually like this
(Editor's Note: Due to an unavailable editor, Sarah's column is appearing a day later than its usual Thursday slot. Enjoy... and get out in your garden this weekend! - DP)
This is getting fun! (And I don't mean writing...that's always fun.) I mean this gardening thing! Up until the last few weeks I'd been worrying so much...what if everything died? What if everything got eaten by bugs or, worse, I missed a day of watering and I killed all the plants? I was away the first really hot weekend here (Memorial Day) and I was a mess on the drive home, picturing piles of dead, brown plants awaiting me. But after doing this garden thing for a while now - 2 months if we count from the time I've been writing about it - I've realized that I don't have to be quite so nervous. Plants grow. It's what they do. As long as they have dirt and sun and water they're going to grow pretty much no matter what. In fact, the other day I saw some of the little basil that I had thrown in the compost bucket had found some dirt and was growing! It's actually harder to keep something from growing than to grow it, which makes a lot of sense from a biological perspective but for some reason I was worried that wouldn't be the case.
When I first started this I also thought it would be chore to tend to the garden almost every day. Not so! I actually look forward to my time in the garden every day (or almost every day - as long as it's not too hot I can skip a day and not freak out about it) because I can watch my little monkeys grow and remember once that they were all just seeds. It probably helps that green is my favorite color so seeing so much green is nice, especially in the city. Weeding can definitely be a little tedious, but I like going around and checking each plant, making sure the ties aren't too tight around the stalks and moving the ties up as the plants get taller. The tomato plants all smell like tomatoes, the eggplant leaves are surprisingly soft to the touch and the sunflowers, squash and mint constantly surprise me by how fast they grow.
All this is just to say that this has been a lot more fun than I was expecting and it's nice that I trust my plants enough now to not be too worried when I see things like this:
This little tomato is in a particularly bright spot, probably the brightest in the backyard since the white door reflects light. It's looking dry and droopy because the pot is too shallow - it doesn't hold a lot of dirt so it dries out quickly and the roots get really hot and dry since there's no deeper place for them to go, where the soil would be cooler. By that same token I can't water it too much because the soil just doesn't hold that much water and I don't want to wash all the nutrients out. Basically I need to move it to a less bright spot or repot it. And that's the project for this weekend: repot this and a few other tomatoes that are outgrowing their little pots.
This past weekend I repotted some other things:
You may have forgotten about my feverfew...I did! It was just sitting in the front window growing along. I would dump some water on it when I remembered to, probably a few times a week. Last weekend was the time to deal with it. I thought about just thinning it out but, again, I find it very hard to just throw out little plants (those little basils I found growing in my compost? Yeah, I planted them because I figured they deserved it if they were willing to grow in a compost bucket.) At the same time, I've pretty much filled all the space in our backyard that gets sun with my other pots, so I was kind of stuck. But! Then I took the little feverfews and planted them in some of the bigger tomato and sunflower pots, and I have one pot that's just feverfew. I know I always say this, but the roots were insane! I mean, seriously:
[caption id="" align="alignnone" width="374" caption="the roots actually continue on past the bottom of the picture"]
Wow, little monkeys! After I planted as many feverfews as I could fit, I may have gone out front and planted the rest around a tree that the city just planted in front of our house a month or so ago. But I'm not sure if that's entirely legal so I won't tell you for sure.
I'm pretty happy with the basil:
...mostly because anytime I buy a little pot of basil in the supermarket (this has happened at least three times in the last five years) I always manage to kill it. Rationally I know that the pots are small and I probably forgot to water them that often, but somehow I think that when you grow things from seed you are kind of more in tune to when they're looking healthy or thirsty or too wet. I don't want to get too far into vibes or anything, but it's definitely true that plants have a rhythm and I think you need to understand that to feel like you know your plants. I can't believe I just used the word "vibes." Forgive me! In reality these basils are probably just healthier plants than anything you'd buy at a grocery store, but I like my seed theory.
Finally, here are some sunflowers:
Some of them are almost two feet tall. I can't wait for them to grow up against the fence. And here's some squash looking remarkably squash-like:
The tomatoes are all growing along, but all of the actual tomatoes are all still green so nothing too exciting yet. We'll see what next week brings!
Sarah DeGiorgis has lived in Philly for five years and is finally starting to feel like a true Philadelphian, though she still detests cheesesteaks. She enjoys reading, watching bad tv, eating and cooking good food and digging in the dirt. Catch up with her continuing efforts to grow food in South Philly by clicking here.